introduction to organic chemistry 3.1
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define empirical formula
the simplest whole-number ratio of atoms of each element within a compound
what goes between numbers and letters in the name of a chemical element
a hyphen (-)
if a compound has the stem ‘pent-‘, how many carbon atoms does it have in the main chain
5
in the name of a compound with multiple functional groups, how are the groups listed
alphabetically
what is the suffix for naming an aldehyde
-al
define functional group
a functional group is an atom or group of atoms in an organic molecule which is responsible for the characteristic reactions of that molecule
define homologous series
a homologous series is a family of compounds that all contain the same functional group and can be represented by the same general formula
define general formula
a type of empirical formula that represents he composition of any member of an entire class
define molecular formula
the actual number of atoms of each element in a compound
define displayed formula
this shows every atom and every bond in a molecule
define structural formula
this shows the unique arrangement of the atoms in a molecule without showing every bond
define skeletal formula
this shows the carbon chain skeleton of a compound with all the hydrogen atoms removed, leaving just the functional groups attached
define an isomer
molecules with the same molecular formula but a different arrangement of atoms within the molecule
define structural (chain) isomer
compounds with the same molecular formula but carbon chains are different
define position isomer
compounds with the same molecular formula but the functional group is in a different position on the carbon chain
define functional group isomer
compounds with the same molecular formula but have a different functional group
define stereoisomerisom
compounds with the same molecular and stuctural formula but bonds are arranged differently in space
what is E-Z isomerism
• there is restricted rotation around the carbon double bond. • E has functional groups on opposite sides (epposite) • Z have the functional group on the same side (zame side)