Exam 3 - News Media
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what was the earliest form of media?
newspaper
why did newspaper free themselves from partisan ties? (4)
• to increase circulation • to appeal to ALL Americans, not just party supporters • objective reporting of facts, rather than bias • developed dependence on expanded audience/ mass circulation and advertisements to produce profit
what is muckraking journalism?
journalism dedicated to exposing misconducts by government, businesses, and individual politicians
what does muckraking journalism do? (2)
• expose poor working conditions and exploitation of workers • stimulated demands for anti-trust regulations
what was the result of journalism shifting into a more profitable business (4)
• leads to development of norms within the journalism profession • more careful/ less adversarial in reporting • clearer standards about how to evaluate behavior of people in power • journalism becomes more professionalized
how did most American receive their news in the 1960s?
through TVs or the internet
Newspaper readership is at a historical HIGH point in the US compared to most other industrialized nation
FALSE newspaper readership is at a historically LOW point in the US
what was the importance of radios (2)
• brought faster, more personal news to homes • consumers felt personal connections to individuals
what was the importance of Television, in regards to news?
• brought news right into the home • more immediate / faster ~ Vietnam War ~ presidential debate
What has twitter done to figure out what is real news?
ban certain accounts
what are some countries doing in regards to social media and news?
banning comments
what does private ownership ensure?
ensures media independence but brings market pressure that do exist in state-run systems
is private ownership owned by states?
NO
how do news media make profit?
they pressure to consolidate ownership and reap benefits of larger market shares and fewer large-scale competitors
what is the result of media consolidation
fewer news option
what are the benefits of narrow casting?
can promote interest of populations that might otherwise be left out of mainstream media
what are the cons of narrow casting? (3)
• confirms preexisting bias (increases chance that group members will rely on news that appeals to their preexisting views • limit exposure to broad range of information • enables political leaders to avoid particularly hard-hitting news reporters
what is narrow casting?
targeting media programming at a specific populations within society
examples of narrow casting
fox emphasizing conservatives viewpoints MSNBC emphasizing liberal viewpoints
six media chains account for ____ of news content
90%
what is the only independent TV network
CBS
what two companies dominate the radio
COX communication & clear channel
Comcast owns (1) Disney owns (2)
• NBC • ABC
Why is their concern of one company owning a bunch of networks?
Could limit the flow of information and ideas