C1.4
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Where is crude oil found?
In rock found on land or the ocean
How is crude oil collected?
By a pipeline from an oil rig which collects the crude oil, which is then pumped into an oil tanker which takes it away to get processed
What are the properties of shorter chained hydrocarbons?
~ Low boiling point ~ Highly flammable ~ Low viscosity
What are the properties of longer chained hydrocarbons?
~ High boiling point ~ Not very flammable ~ High viscosity (thick)
Where would short chained hydrocarbons condense in a fractional distillation tank?
At the top
Where would hydrocarbons with a high boiling point condense in a fractional distillation tank?
At the bottom
Where would hydrocarbons with a low viscosity condense in a fractional distillation tank?
At the top
Where would hydrocarbons with a low flammability condense in a fractional distillation tank?
At the bottom
What elements do hydrocarbons contain?
ONLY hydrogen and carbon
Do alkanes have any double bonds?
No
Are alkanes saturated?
Yes
What is the formula for alkanes?
CnH2n+2
What are the first 4 alkanes?
Methane C1H4 Ethane C2H6 Propane C3H8 Butane C4H10
Why do hydrocarbons need to be burned?
~ Fuel for transport ~ To provide electricity
Why do some hydrocarbons release nitrogen oxides when they’re burnt?
Because there is nitrogen in the air which reacts with oxygen in the air at high temperatures
What do hydrocarbons containing sulphur produce when burnt?
Sulphur dioxide
What do most fuels contain?
Carbon and/or hydrogen, may contain sulphur
What do nitrogen oxide and sulphur dioxide contribute to?
Acid rain
What contributes to global dimming?
Particulates / soot (carbon)
What does burning hydrocarbons in low oxygenated levels produce?
Incomplete combustion which produces carbon monoxide, a poisonous gas
What are the main products from burning hydrocarbons?
~ Carbon dioxide ~ Water
How can you prevent sulphur dioxide from being produced by burning certain hydrocarbons?
Remove the sulphur beforehand
What are some biofuels made of plants?
~ Biodiesel ~ Ethanol
How is ethanol produced?
~ Using sugarcane through a process called fermentation ~ Reaction with ethene