endocrine system
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What does the endocrine system do?
Produces hormones that regulate body processes.
What are hormones?
Chemical messengers made of lipids or proteins.
Hormones affect…
Specific target cells.
Major Glands Q: Why is the pituitary gland called the “master gland”?
It controls other endocrine glands.
What gland controls metabolism?
Thyroid gland.
What gland controls fight-or-flight?
Adrenal glands.
Pancreatic Hormones Q: Where are insulin and glucagon made?
Pancreas (islets of Langerhans).
What does insulin do?
Lowers blood sugar.
How does insulin lower blood sugar?
Insulin is a hormone from the pancreas that tells body cells to take in glucose from the blood and store it for energy. This reduces blood glucose levels after eating.
What does glucagon do?
Raises blood sugar.
How does glucagon work?
A: Converts glycogen back into glucose.
What is diabetes?
A disease where blood sugar is too high because insulin is not working properly.
What is Type 1 diabetes?
The pancreas makes no insulin, so the blood sugar stays high. People must take insulin injection to survive.
What is Type 2 diabetes?
The body does not respond properly to insulin.
Which organ and hormone are affected?
Pancreas and insulin.
Main difference between Type 1 and Type 2?
Type 1: no insulin Type 2: insulin doesn’t work well
What is the role of the hypothalamus? where is it found?
It links the nervous and endocrine systems and controls the pituitary gland. it is in the brain
Name the main sex hormones.
Estrogen( female traits) progesterone( prepare for pregnancy), testosterone.( male traits)
How do hormones travel throughout the body?
They are released into the bloodstream and then carried to target cells that matches its receptors.
describe the pancreatic hormones ( feedback loop) how does the two hormones interact in our body)
insulin helps in lowering blood glucose level by stimulating liver and muscles to take up glucose and store it. While glucagon raises blood glucose levels which it does by stimulating the conversion of glycogen into glucose.