Nomenclature - naming organic compounds
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List all the root names, depending on the number of carbon atoms: START POINT: meth- = 1 carbon atom
1 carbon atom = METH- 2 carbon atom = ETH- 3 carbon atom = PROP- 4 carbon atom = BUT- 5 carbon atom = HEPT- 6 carbon atom = HEX- 7 carbon atom = SEPT- 8 carbon atom = OCT- 9 carbon atom = NON- 10 carbon atom = DEC-
What is the additional prefix hydrocarbon rings have?
Hydrocarbon ring molecules will have additional the prefix, “cyclo”
What are functional groups?
Reactive groups which are attached to organic compounds, which react the same way no matter the length of the hydrocarbon
What are the suffixes of all these family groups? 1)Alkanes 2)Alkenes 3)Halogenoalkanes 4)Alcohols 5)Aldehydes 6)Ketones 7)Carboxylic acids
1)Alkanes = -ANE 2)Alkenes = -ENE 3)Halogenoalkanes = THERE IS NO SUFFIX 4)Alcohols = -OL 5)Aldehydes = -AL 6)Ketones = -ONE 7)Carboxylic acids = -OIC ACID
What is used to state the position of a side group/functional group? What is the term to describe this “thing” used to position side groups/functional groups?
A number (locant) is used to tell us the position of any branching functional group in a chain
What are structural isomers?
Structural isomers are organic compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structural formulae
How would you show there was more than one substituting group on an organic compound?
More than one of the same substituting group would be shown by adding a prefi like di-, tri- or tetra- to show the number of groups present
Draw the displayed formula of 3-methyl pentane
Check google xx
Outline the structural formula of 1-bromo-3- iodopropane
Ch2BrCh2Ch2I
What is the general formula for alkanes? What is the general formula for alkenes?
Alkanes: Cn H2n+2 Alkenes: Cn H2n
What happens to the melting and boiling points as the number of carbon atoms in the chain increases, and why?
The melting and boiling points increase by a small amount as the number of carbon atoms in the chain increases because of an increase in the intermolecular forces
How does the branching of chains affect their melting and boiling points?
Boiling points and melting points decreases because there are fewer intermolecular forces between the molecules due to the increased branching which prevent the chains from packing closer together
What is the homologous series?
A family of organic compounds with the same functional group, but different carbon chain length
Outline four features of the homologous series • Formula type • difference - CH2 • length - no - functional group • length = physical properties
1) Each member has a general formula 2) Each member of the series differs from the next by CH2 3) Length of carbon chain has little effect on the reactivity of the functional group 4) Length of carbon chain affects boiling points, melting points and solubility