Chapter 4 Acids and Redox
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What is an Acid
• Contain Hydrogen • PH<7 • Release H⁺ ions into the solution when dissolved in water
Show Hydrochloric Acid dissociating in water
HCl → H⁺₍ₐᵩ₎ + Cl⁻ ₍ₐᵩ₎
What is a strong acid
A strong acid completely dissociated in an aqueous solution
What is a weak acid
A weak acid partially dissociates in an aqueous solution
Name 2 strong acids
Hydrochloric Acid Nitric Acid
Name a weak acid
Ethanoic Acid
What is the formula for Hydrochloric Acid
HCl
What is the formula for Sulfuric Acid
H₂SO₄
What is the formula for Nitric Acid
HNO₃
What is the formula for Ethanoic Acid
CH₃COOH
Show Ethanoic Acid dissociating (partially) in an aqueous solution
CH₃COOH₍ₐᵩ₎ ⇌ H⁺₍ₐᵩ₎ + CH₃COO⁻₍ₐᵩ₎
How does Sulphuric Acid behave
Dissociation happens in 2 steps
Show the dissociation of Sulfuric Acid
• First behaves like a strong acid H₂SO₄₍ₐᵩ₎ → H⁺₍ₐᵩ₎ + HSO₄⁻₍ₐᵩ₎ • Then the HSO4- ions behave as a weak acid HSO₄⁻₍ₐᵩ₎ ⇌ H⁺₍ₐᵩ₎ + SO₄²⁻₍ₐᵩ₎
What is a base
A base neutraises an acid to form a salt
Give examples of bases Generic
• Metal Oxides • Metal Carbonates • Metal Hydroxides • Alkalis
What is an Alkali
An Alkali is a base that dissolves in water releasing OH⁻ ions
Acid + Alkali →
Salt + Water
HCl₍ₐᵩ₎ + NaOH₍ₐᵩ₎ → Acid + Alkali
NaCl₍ₐᵩ₎ + H₂O₍ₗ₎
Ionic equation of HCl₍ₐᵩ₎ + NaOH₍ₐᵩ₎ → NaCl₍ₐᵩ₎ + H₂O₍ₗ₎
H⁺₍ₐᵩ₎ + OH⁻₍ₐᵩ₎ → H₂O₍ₗ₎
Metal oxide/hydroxide + acid → What is the observation
salt + water Solid Metal Oxide Disappears
Metal hydroxide + acid →
salt + water
H₂SO₄₍ₐᵩ₎ + MgO₍ₛ₎ → Acid + Metal Oxide
MgSO₄₍ₐᵩ₎ + H₂O
Ammonia + Acid →
Ammonium salts containg an ammonium ion
Carbonate + acid →
salt + water + carbon dioxide