Chapter 16
暂无描述。系统推荐的高质量记忆内容，适合每天坚持背诵学习。
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What is Formaldehyde?
H-(C=O)-H
What is Acetaldehyde?
H3C-(C=O)-H
What is Acetone?
H3C-(C=O)-CH3
What is Acetophenone?
Ph-(C=O)-CH3
What is Benzophenone?
Ph-(C=O)-Ph
What is Benzaldehyde?
Ph-(C=O)-H
What is an Alkanoyl Group? (also called an acyl group)
-(C=O)-R
What are the two suffixes commonly used aldehyde nomenclature? (one short and one long)
-al (to replace an -e suffix) and (parent chain name)-aldehyde
What is the suffix if a -CHO (aldehyde group) is attached to a ring?
-carbaldehyde
How are dialdehydes named?
omit location number (aldehydes are assumed to be on the ends of the compound) and change the ending to -dial
What is the suffix for ketones?
-one (to replace an -e suffix)
What is the structure for the common names of ketones?
alkyl alkyl ketone
How are diketones named?
both carbonyls require a location number and change the suffix to Dione if in.a ring, the -e suffix remains and is immediately before the Dione suffix
How are compounds containing both an aldehyde and a ketone named?
compound is named as an aldehyde and the ketone is named as an oxo substituent ketone needs location number, aldehyde does not
How are aldehydes and ketones named when there is an OH in the same compound?
the OH is a hydroxy substituent
How are cyanohydrins C(-OH)(≣N) produced?
Add NaCN to an aldehyde or a ketone. The =O is replaced with a -OH and -C(triple bond)N
What is the effect of the addition of HCl, H2O, and heat to a cyanohydrin C(-OH)(≣N)?
Produces a carboxylic acid with a double bond on the more substituted side
What is the effect of the addition of LiAlH4 and H2O to a cyanohydrin C(-OH)(≣N)?
Replaces -C(triple bond)N with -CNH2, two hydrogens. (adds four hydrogens total)
What is the effect of the addition of R-PPh3 to an aldehyde or a ketone? Bonus: What is this reaction called?
Replace =O with R Witting Reaction, The Addition of Ylides/Zwitter ions
What is the effect of adding a primary amine to an aldehyde or ketone? Bonus: What is the product called?
Replace =O with =NR, Imine
What is the effect of adding a secondary amine to an aldehyde or ketone? Bonus: What is the product called?
Replace =O with -NR2 and double bond on more substituted side, Enamine
What is the effect of the addition of N2H4/Oh/heat to an aldehyde or ketone? Bonus: What is this reaction called?
Replace =O with hydrogens, Wolff-Kishner Reduction
What is the effect of the addition of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones? Bonus: What is the product called?
Replace =O with two -OR, acetal Note: Also produces an intermediate of a hemiacetal, where one of the -OR groups is an -OH
What is the effect of the addition of dialcohols to aldehydes or ketones?
Replace =O with two single bonds to the ends of an ORO (one bond to each O, produces a cyclic compound)