11 introduction to organic chemistry
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define molecular formula
shows the number of each atom in one molecule of the compound
define empirical formula
simplest whole number ratio of the number of each atom
define displayed formula
shows every bond
how do you write a structural formula?
from left to right
what are the 10 prefixes for naming carbon chains?
meth- eth- prop- but- pent- hex- hept- oct- non- dec-
state three features of a homologous series
same functional group similar chemical properties different carbon chain length
define structural isomerism
molecules with the same molecular formula but a different structural formula
what are 3 types of structural formula?
chain positional functional group
define positional isomerism
molecules with the same molecular formula but which have the functional group on different positions on the molecule
define chain isomerism
molecules with the same molecular formula but different arrangement of carbon chains
define stereisomerism
same structural formula but atoms occupy different positions in space
what are the types of stereoisomerism?
geometric (E/Z) optical cis trans enantiomer
what must a molecule have to have E/Z isomerism?
C=C which restricts rotation each C on the C=C must be attached to 2 different groups
how do you differ between E and Z isomers?
Z= same side
how do you differ between E and Z isomers when no functional groups are the same?
compare atomic numbers