Bio 124 Chap 1
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What is biology
Biology is the study of life both past and present and its relationship with the nonliving world
7 characteristics of life
Cellular Growth and Development Response to its environment Reproduce Regulation (homeostasis) Energy processing (Producer like plants and algae and consumers like animals and mushrooms) Evolutionary adaptation
Tell me the organizational levels of life
Atoms Molecules Macromolecules Organelles (In the nucleus) Cells Tissues Organs Systems Organism
What is the concept of organizational levels of life (small to large)
Emergent properties arise as you move from the smallest parts to a more complex systems biology: When small parts are grouped together, they gain more properties and move up a level!
What are the groups’ organisation of life and describe them
Population: Individuals of the same species (us) Communities: Different populations in the same environment (us and bacteria) Ecosystem: communities interacting with the non-living environment (us in the classroom) Biosphere: the worldwide sum of all ecosystems
What is the lowest level of life with all 7 characteristics
Cell
What is the cell theory
Suggest that all living organism are composed of cells
What are the 4 structures of a cell
Ribosomes Plasma membrane Cytoplasm DNA
What is DNA
genetic information of a cell
What is a genome
The complete set of genes or genetic material present in a cell
Are are Chromosomes
Long DNA strands
What are genes
They are segment of chromosomes that code for specific proteins and cellular actions and are the instructions of the cells (gene expression)
What are Prokaryotic cells
They are small and simple cell, lack a nucleus and other membrane-enclosed organelle
What are Eukaryotic cells
Larger and more complex cells, they have membrane-enclosed organelles including a nucleus
What is evolution
Evolution is the change in a population over time leading to unique descendants that share a common ancestor
What kind of cells are Domain bacterias and Domain archaea
Prokaryotic
What kind of cells are animals, plants, fungi, protists
Eukaryotic (more complex!)
What is natural selection
Natural selection is the process by whch a population adapts to its environment over generations
What does Darwin propose for natural selection to occur?
The population needs variable traits to produce offspring through competition for the best-suited. The environmental pressures will help select specific traits that lead to the population growing with these particular traits and adapting over time
What are phylogenetic trees?
Cladorgpahs are proposed evolutionary relationships between organisms based on available evidence. They are diagrams
How are we all connected?
All living things have 7 characteristics containing DNA and population interaction in communities and ecosystems. All living things share common ancestors and have evolved unique adaptations to their environment over time.
What is science
is a body of knowledge about the natural world acquired through observation and experimentation
What are observations?
Description, measurements, or records of objects and natural phenomena (data) which can lead to scientific questions
What are the two types of observational studies
Quantitative (numerical) Qualitative (descriptive)