P3- Particle model of matter
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How do particles vary in each state?
Only their arrangement and energy are different
Describe 3 properties of particles in a solid
• Strong intermolecular forces • Fixed and regular arrangement • Can only vibrate
Give 3 properties of particles in a liquid
• Weaker intermolecular forces than a solid • Particles are close but move randomly at low speeds • More energy than a solid
Give 3 properties of particles in a gas
• Very little intermolecular force • More energy than liquids and solids • Free to move randomly at different speeds
What is pressure?
Forces exerted per unit
Give the formula linking force, area and pressure.
Pressure = Force/Area
What happens to the pressure of a gas if you increase the temperature?
It increases as particles have more energy so move quicker which causes more collisions and larger momentum so a larger force is exerted in collisions.
What is internal energy?
energy stored by the particles that make up a system. e.g movement = kinetic
What does heat mean for particles?
They will have more energy and a change in temperature or state.
When will a substance change state?
When there is enough energy in their kinetic energy stores to break bonds.
Solid to a liquid
Melting
Liquid to gas
Boiling/evaporating
Gas to liquid
Condensing
Liquid to solid
Freezing
Solid to Gas
Sublimating
What happens to particles during a state change?
They are just arranged differently so mass is conserved
What is Specific Latent Heat?
Amount of energy needed to change 1kg of a substance from one state to another without changing the temperature.
What is energy used for when a substance is melting or boiling?
Breaking intermolecular bonds to change state, internal energy will increase the temperature after.
Give the formula for Specific Latent Heat.
Energy(J) = Mass (kg) x Specific Latent Heat (J/Kg)
What is specific latent heat of fusion?
SLH for melting and freezing
What is specific latent heat of vaporization?
SLF for evaporating/boiling and condensing
What is energy used for when a substance is freezing or condensing?
Forming intermolecular bonds to change state, temperature change will happen after and before.
Describe a practical to measure density of a solid in 3 steps:
• Use a balance to measure the mass (kg) • Place into Eureka can filled with water • Measure how much water has been displaced into the measuring cylinder Use the equation