Chapter 9 Vocabulary

Major abiotic and biotic factors that tend to increase or decrease the population size and age and sex composition of a species

number of individuals in a certain place

the proportion of individuals of each age in a population

organisms living in groups

the individuals are spread out evenly in the environment

the individuals of a population are spread out in no particular pattern

Migration of people into a country or area to take up permanent residence

movement of people out of a population

Age structures are usually described in terms of organisms that are not mature enough to produce

age structures that are capable of reproduction

age structures that are too old to reproduce

maximum rate at which the population of a given species can increase when there are no limits on its rate of growth

rate at which a population would grow if it had unlimited resources

All the limiting factors that act together to limit the growth of a population

maximum population of a particular species that a given habitat can support over a given period

Pattern in which exponential population growth occurs when the population is small, and population growth decreases steadily with time as the population approaches the carrying capacity

Growth in which some quantity, such as pop. size or economic output, increases at a constant rate per unit of time (such as 2% per year)

a plot of the number of individuals against time causes this.

when they exceed the carrying capacity of the environment

the period needed for the birth rate to fall and the death rate to rise in response to resource overconsumption

occurs with species when they are unable to switch to a new resource or move to another area

affect a populations size regardless of its density

Rely on a populations size

When a species who’s population size fluctuates slightly above and below its carrying capacity