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Electrolytes and Water Balance

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Total cards: 24•Content version: v4•Public deck•Updated: 8/1/2026

Card preview (24)

#1
Front (Question)

What has chemo receptors that stimulate the adrenals? 

Back (Answer)

The hypothalamus

#2
Front (Question)

What are two cation electrolytes

Back (Answer)

Sodium (Na+) Potassium (K+)

#3
Front (Question)

What are two anion electrolytes?

Back (Answer)

Chloride (Cl-) Bicarbonate (HCO3-)

#4
Front (Question)

….

Back (Answer)

Anion gap

#5
Front (Question)

How does the body achieve neutrality? 

Back (Answer)

Balance between cations and anions 

#6
Front (Question)

Water always follows _________.

Back (Answer)

Sodium***

#7
Front (Question)

What does GFR stand for?

Back (Answer)

Glomerulus filtration rate

#8
Front (Question)

What is the functional unit of the kidney? 

Back (Answer)

Nephron***

#9
Front (Question)

Where does filtration happen in the nephron? 

Back (Answer)

Glomerulus

#10
Front (Question)

Where in the nephron is 80% of filtrate reabsorbed?

Back (Answer)

Proximal tubule

#11
Front (Question)

What part of the nephron runs from cortex to medulla of the kidney?

Back (Answer)

Loop of Henle

#12
Front (Question)

Which part of the loop of Henley is permeable to electrolytes and which part is permeable to water? 

Back (Answer)

Ascending- Electrolytes Descending-Water

#13
Front (Question)

What controls aquaporin (water channels)?

Back (Answer)

ADH (vasopressin)

#14
Front (Question)

The nephron is impermeable to large molecules and cells that are greater than _________ in size.  anything equal to or less than this number can be filtered.

Back (Answer)

66 kilodaltons

#15
Front (Question)

What charge do proteins have? 

Back (Answer)

Negative charge

#16
Front (Question)

 what three things can we use to calculate osmolarity?

Back (Answer)

Na+ Glucose Urea

#17
Front (Question)

In the renal cortex, the proximal tubule ____________ about 75 to 80% of filtrate volume.

Back (Answer)

Reabsorbs (Water, HCO3-, Na+) 

#18
Front (Question)

 how much glucose does the proximal tubule reabsorb? 

Back (Answer)

All glucose up to threshold

#19
Front (Question)

What does the proximal tubule reabsorb?

Back (Answer)

-glucose -Almost all amino acids, vitamins, proteins -Varying amounts of urea, uric acid -Varying amounts of ions (Mg+, Ca2+, P, K+) 

#20
Front (Question)

There is ______ Secretion at the proximal tubule. 

Back (Answer)

Some (Proximal tubule mostly reabsorbs) H+, K+, NH3, and drugs

#21
Front (Question)

What is normal glucose levels?

Back (Answer)

80-120?

#22
Front (Question)

What does (mod SM) mean?

Back (Answer)

It means that it can contract and relax so blood flow can be regulated

#23
Front (Question)

?*** The Capillary tuft surrounded by Bowmans capsules (Extended end of Renal tubule) Is made of what two cells?

Back (Answer)

-endothelial cells -mesangial cells (mod SM)

#24
Front (Question)

Water follows sodium all the way through tubular fluid to the _______

Back (Answer)

Blood