Bacteria
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A bacterium is a
prokaryote
A bacterium is a prokaryote which means it does not
have a nucleus and lacks several other characteristics of eukaryotes
3 ways bacteria differ from eukaryotes
They differ in genetic traits habitats how they gain their energy sources
How does bacteria attach to the surface of an organism
Bacteria attach themselves to an organism using their pili.
What are the three most common shapes of bacteria
Bacillus, coccus, and spirillum
Coccus is
circular
Bacillus is
rod shaped
Spirillum
spiral shaped
What are the two possibilities of staining techniques
biochemical properties & evolutionary relationships
Describe the genetic material in bacteria
DNA in bacteria is a single closed loop of double stranded DNA attached at one point to the cell membrane.
Carbon and energy can be grouped at either heterotrophs or autotrophs. What is the difference
heterotrophs get their carbon from other organisms while autotrophs get their carbon directly from the inorganic molecule carbon dioxide
Obligate anaerobes
cannot live in oxygen
faculative anaerobes
Can go either way
obligate aerobes
Must live near oxygen
Bacteria reproduce binary fission which is
asexual reproduction
Transformation occurs when a bacterium
takes in DNA from its outside enviorment
Conjugation
The process by which 2 bacteria cells bind together and one cell transfers DNA to the other cell through a sex pilus
Pathogenic Bacteria
pathogenic bacteria cause disease by releasing toxins
Exotoxins
Have Gram+ bacteria which secrete protein toxins
Endotoxins
Have Gram- bacteria which secretes fat/carbon toxins
Why are antibiotics used to treat bacterial infections
Antibiotics affect the bacteria by interfering with there cellular functions
what is antibiotic resistence
IT means that the antibiotic doesn’t work anymore because the bacteria mutates because there DNA is relatively fragile