Section 2.2 - Thermal Energy Transfer In The Atmosphere

Thermal energy transfers in 3 ways:

______: • the emission of energy as particles or ______ • this energy, when absorbed by an object, will increase the kinetic energy and therefore temperature of the particles that make up the object

______: • every atom is physically bonded to its neighbours • if heat energy is supplied to one part of a solid, the atoms vibrate faster • as they vibrate more, the bonds between atoms are shaken more • this passes vibrations on to the next atom, and so on • heat transferred through direct ______ of atoms

______: • the transfer of thermal energy through the ______ of particles from one ______ to another • as the particles absorb ______, they move apart, decreasing the density • the lower density air/water will move up, and the higher density air/water will fall down

______ ______ is the pressure exerted by the air above any point on the Earth’s surface

Colder air exerts ______ ______ than warm air, since colder air is more dense

This difference in air pressure and temperature between cold and hot air creates ______ ______ in the atmosphere

______ is the movement of air from regions of ______ pressure to regions of ______ pressure

The ______ ______ if the bending of moving currents in response to Earth’s rotation

The ______ ______ causes winds in two hemispheres to move in opposite directions

______ and the ______ cause the global wind patterns

A ______ ______ is a narrow fast- flowing “river” of air in the stratosphere. These strong winds (480-640km/h) are typically thousands of kilometres long and hundreds of kilometres wide.

Changes in the jet stream are important in predicting ______ weather