Chapter 8 Life Histories
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What is life history
The details of the life cycle. Timing, size, duration
What is Fecundity
The number of ofspring in a reproductive episode.
Parity
Number of reproductive episodes
What is parental investment
Energy put into ofspring. (Gaurding/care and resources to reproduction.)
What is variation in means
What allows you to reproduce the best.
What is the same goal for all reproductive strategies
Succesful ofspring.
What is a fast life history
Get to reproductive age quickly. Little parental investment. Many offspring
What is a slow life history
When an animal take a long time to get to a reproductive age. Long life span. Requires more parental investment.
What is the similar result of life history strategies.
Replacement of population
Describe grimes triangle
At the points lie Competitors Stress tolerators Ruderlas
What are the life history trade-offs
Select one trait at the expense of another. Complicated. Best combo to maximize fitness.
What is the principle of Allocation
When one resource goes to something it cannot be used for another thing.
What is the correlation between offspring number and size?
There is a negative correlation
What is the relation between Number of offspring and parental investment.
There is a bell curve to find the ideal number of offspring and parental investment.
What is seen in parental investment and survival when offspring are added to parents.
Less survivability in the parents.
What is seen in growth and reproduction when predation is present?
Parents will reach reproduction when they are smaller/younger.
What is seen when their is a higher rate of survivability?
Age of sexual maturity increases.
What is semelparity
Only one reproductive event, but can have a lot of offspring during that event.
What is iteroparity.
Multiple reproductive events.
What are some advantages of semelparity
Can save energy for the reproductive event.
What is an advantage of Iteroparity.
Parents can have offspring when the conditions are better for the young.
What is senescence
Growing older.
What is reproductive senescence
Inability to reproduce with age.
What theory explains senescence?
Grand mother theory : grand mothers will take care of young.