Definitions

• Atoms of the same element which therefore have the same number of protons and electrons but a different number of neutrons

• The mass of an isotope relative to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of carbon-12

• The weighted mean mass of an atom of an element relative to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of carbon-12

• The electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions

• A repeating pattern of oppositely charged ions

• The strong electrostatic attraction between a shared pair of electrons and the nuclei of the bonded atoms

• The ability of a bonded atom to attract the bonding electrons in a covalent bond

• A special type of permanent dipole-dipole interaction found between molecules containing: • an electronegative atom (such as F, O and N) with a lone pair of electrons • a hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegative atom

• A series of organic compounds with the same functional group but with each successive member differing by CH2

• The simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element present in a compound

• Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae

• Each atom takes one of the electrons from the covalent bond, which causes the formation of 2 radicals

• A species with an unpaired electron

• When one of the atoms takes both electrons during the breaking of the covalent bond

• The movement of an electron pair, showing either: • the formation of a covalent bond • heterolytic fission

• Compounds with the same structural formula but with a different arrangement in space

• A type of stereoisomerism in which different groups attached to each carbon of a C=C double bond may be arranged differently in space because of the restricted rotation of the C=C bond

• A type of E/Z isomerism where there are 2 non-hydrogen groups and 2 hydrogen atoms around the carbon-carbon double bond

• An electron pair acceptor • (They’re usually a positive ion or a molecule containing an atom with a partial positive charge)

• An electron pair donor

• Non-superimposable mirror images