Neurobiology and Immunology: Memory
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Memories include what?
Past experiences and thoughts
Memory involves what?
Encoding, storage and retrieval of information
Information entering the brain passes through sensory memory and enters STM. Information is then what?
Either transferred to LTM or is discarded
Sensory memory retains what?
All the visual and auditory input received for a few seconds
STM has and does what?
Has a limited capacity. Holds information for a short time.
How can STM capacity be improved?
Chunking
STM can also do what?
Process data, to a limited extent, as well as store it.
The working memory model explains what?
Why the STM can perform simple cognitive tasks
Memory span is what?
The number of discrete items (letters, words, numbers) that the STM can hold
What is the serial position effect?
The tendency of a person to recall best the first and last items in a series, and the middle items less well.
Items can remain in STM by what? Or may be lost by what?
Rehearsal. Displacement or decay.
What does LTM have?
An unlimited capacity and holds information for a long time
Information can be transferred from STM to LTM by what?
Rehearsal, organisation and elaboration
Information can be encoded by what?
Shallow processing or deep (elaborative) processing
Rehearsal is regarded as what?
Shallow form of encoding information into LTM
Elaboration is regarded as what?
Deeper form of encoding which leads to better information retention
Retrieval from LTM is aided by what?
The use of contextual cues
What are contextual cues?
Contextual cues relate to the time and place when the information was initially encoded into LTM