Small Ruminant disease

HOT

Haemonchus- anemia and pale mucous membranes Low protein in blood NO diarrhea Sudden death Other parasites Weight loss Diarrhea Performance

Really hard…short life cycle and lots of eggs are made Hypobiosis-DORMANT PARASITES Break life cycle with animal and pasture management Anthelmintics– kills mature larvae and adults (paralysis and starvation) Not many are approved and resistance

Deworm and keep on same lot for 24 hours 2 wks before lambing and kiddling 1 wk after lambing/kiddling DEWORM AS NEEDED

Pellets, oral drenches, injectable, pour on, paste Oral drenches are most common Avoid injectables (long withdrawal time and different metabolism) Avoid pour on (absorption is not good in small ruminants)

Host: older more severe, MERINIOS, poor hoof care Environmental: spring/fall or winter, wet warm weather, overcrowded

Lameness Inflamed skin between claws Destruction of hoof wall Bad smell

Radical trimming to remove affected tissue Antiseptic foot bath Dry environment Antibiotic injections

Preventative foot soaks (zinc and copper sulfate) Isolation Examination Treat new additions Regular trimming Cull infected Get out of mud Use spring vax-repeat 3-6 months

Infection of outer layers of skin FUNGAL ZOONOTIC

Young animals Poor nutrition Housed with previously infected animals Warm dark damp poorly ventilated housing Not cleaning clippers Too frequent washing of show lambs Flies

Fungal infection causes wool loss Raised area followed by gray scab Single or multiple spots Spontaneous recover 1-4 months

Active fungus located on edge of LESION Remove wool around lesion Remove scab Treatment shortens healing tie and reduces risk of spread Treat entire animal…chlorhexidine, na hypochlorite, captan

Isolate infected animals Quarantine new arrivals Preventative treatment of whole lamb Avoid excessive bathing Disinfect anything that comes in contact with infected sheep Prompt treatment of new cases

Eversion of the rectum to the outside

Ewe lambs After weaning

Obvious Starts small, gets longer After coughing Swelling and tearing Loss of appetite Death

Replacement: injection between rectum and pelvic wall string suture Amputate rectum Reduced feed intake, laxatives, enemas

Avoid dry dusty environments Treat coughs Prevent diarrheal disease Treat coccidiosis and parasites Cull affected animals Dock tail at end of caudal fold

“Water belly” Bladder stones Most common in breeding Rams and goats Diet related- calcium and phosphate imbalance and grain Risk factors: amount of stones and urethral anatomy

Abdominal pain Makes effort to urinate Depression Anorexia

Bladder rupture- distended abdomen Urethral rupture- swelling under abdomen and cool to the touch

Blood work Urine analysis Needle aspirate Abdominocentesis Ultrasound Radiographs

If urethra&bladder intact…. Try to relieve obstruction Snip urethral process and vet will try to pass catheter & flush If obstruction cannot be removed: surgery or laser