3-4: Organic Analysis
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How do you test conclusively for primary and secondary alchohols
• oxidise with acidified potassium dichromate • orange —> green • test for aldehyde: Fehlings (or Benedict’s)/tollens • brick red potty/silver mirror • no change is a ketone
How do you test for tertiary alchohols?
• attempt tk oxidised with acidified potassium dichromate • no change for aldehydes
Why do you have to take be careful when testing alchohols? How can you mitigate the risk
• highly flammable • use water bath instead of bunsen
Describe a test for carboxylic acids: Why might this test be inaccurate?
• add spatula of sodium carbonate/ solution • if it begins to fizz, bubble (CO2) gas it produces through lime water • turns cloudy • gives positive result with any acid
Describe a test for alkenes/unsaturation
• shake with bromine water • orange—> colourless
How/why does IR spectroscopy work?
• IR radiation passed through chemical • absorbed by covalent bonds, increasing their vibrational energy • different bonds and positioning of bonds absorb differentfrequencies of IR radiation • impacts IR mass spec
What is the fingerprint region
• section of IR spec unique to each molecule
Describe an O-H carboxylic acid peak on an IR mass spec
• medium broad peak (lower wave number than alchohol O-H)
Describe a C=O peak on an IR mass spec
• strong, sharp absorbtion peak at around 1720cm^-1
Describe a C-H peak on an IR mass spec
• Sharp, shallow peak around 3000cm^-1 (genetic)
Describe an N-H peak on an IR mass spec
• very deep, broad peak at about 3350 cm^-1
Describe an O-H alchohol peak on an IR mass spec
• strong, broad peak (higher wave number than carboxylic acids)