DNA: The code of life
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a watery solution that consists of of a mixture of substances such as dissolved salts, gases, proteins,carbohydrates and suspended fats
the cytoplasm
ribosomes
small granular organelles that occur in rows on the rough surface of the endoplasmic retiiculum or in groups in the cytoplasm
what is ribosome made up of
RNA and protein
purpose of ribosomes
site of protein synthesis
functions of DNA
• regulates protein synthesis • contains genetic codes that form different proteins in the body • maintains the structures of chromosomes and regulates the function of genes • sections of DNA form genes that carry material from the parent to the offspring
DNA that occurs in the nucleus
nuclear DNA
DNA replication
process whereby DNA makes an exact copy of it self
where does DNA replication take place
in the nucleus
when does DNA replication occur
just before cell division. During interphase
long chain formed by sugar and phosphate
sugar phosphate backbone
the process of DNA replication
1) The double helix unwinds 2) the hydrogen bonds between the nitrogen base pairs break 3) the two DNA strands start separating from each other 4) each DNA strand now serves as a template for a new strand to form 5) free nucleotides in the nucleoplasm attach to the exposed complimentary bases on the DNA strands 6) Adenine nucleotides join with Thymine nucleotides and Guanine nucleotides join with Cytosine nucleotides 7) Each DNA molecule now consists of a new strand and a original strand[daughter strand & parent strand] 8) this results in identical DNA molecules 9) Each DNA molecule then winds up into a double helix again
which enzyme is involved in DNA replication
DNA polymerase