chemical reactivity, metal extraction, acid base salt
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Metal + acid ->
Salt + hydrogen
Metal oxide + acid ->
Salt + water
Metal hydroxide + acid ->
salt + water
Metal carbonate + acid ->
salt + carbon dioxide + water
Define saturated solution
A solution that can hold no more solute / solid at the specified temperature
What is an acid?
A proton donor
What is difference between weak and strong acids?
1) Strong acids fully ionise 2) Weak acid partially ionise The ionisation of a strong acid is shown by using a → in the equation, showing it is non-reversible The ionisation of a weak acid is shown by using a rightwards harpoon over leftwards harpoonin the equation, showing it is reversible H2SO3 (reversible arrow sign) HSO3– + H+
Hydorchloric acid
HCL
What is a base? in terms of particles
Protons acceptors
Define water of crystallisation
Water molecules present in hydrated crystals
What are amphoteric oxides?
Oxides that react with acids & bases the same. Both reaction produce salt and water
Are metal oxides base or acidic?
Metal oxides are usually basic
Give examples of amphoteric oxides
Aluminum oxide Al2O3 Zinc oxide ZnO
When hydrochloric acid dissolves into water the acid compound ionises give ionic equation
HCL(aq) —> H+ (aq) + CL- (aq)
Sulfuric acid formula
H2SO4
Ammonia formula
NH3
Aqueous solutions of acids contain
H+ ions
Aqueous solutiosn of base contain
OH- ions
Litmus paper with acid
Red
Litmus paper with base
Blue
Thymolphthalein with acid
Colourless
Methyl Orange with base
Red
Methyl orange with acid
Yellow
Neutralisation reaction between acid and alkaline to produce water ionic equation
H+ (aq) + OH-(aq) -> H2O(L)