Alkanes
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What is an alkane
A saturated hydrocarbon with the general formula CnH2n+2
What is the general formula for alkanes
CnH2n+2
What is the general formula for cycloalkanes
CnH2n
What does a saturated hydrocarbon mean
Means that each carbon is bonded 4 times with the maximum number of hydrogens possible
Are cycloalkanes saturated or unsaturated
Saturated
What is crude oil
A mixture of different length hydrocarbon
What temperature are hydrocarbons heated to in a fractional distillation column
350 degrees C
Where is it coolest in a fractional distillation column
Coolest at top Hottest at bottom
Give 1 use of Gas (top of fractional distillation column)
Used in LPG and stove gas
Give 1 use of Bitumen
Roofing and tarmac
Give 1 use of kerosine
Jet fuel
Give 1 use of fuel oil
Ships and power station
What is cracking
Breaking a longer chain alkane into a shorter chain alkane and an alkene
What are the conditions for thermal cracking
1000 degrees C 70atm
What are the main products of thermal cracking
Alkenes
What are the conditions for catalytic cracking
450 degrees C Zeolite catalyst Moderate pressure (150kPa)
What are the main products of catalytic cracking
Aromatic hydrocarbons
What are Aromatic hydrocarbons useful for
Used as a fuel additive for vehicle motors Used as solvents
What is an Aromatic hydrocarbon
Hydrocarbons which contain benzene rings
Why do we use a zeolite catalyst for catalytic cracking
Lowers temperature and pressure needed for cracking to occur and so lowers cost and speeds up the process
What do alkanes form when they combust completely
CO2 and H2O
Why are alkanes good fuels
Most of them burn readily to produce large amounts of energy
What are two negative products from incomplete combustion of alkanes
Carbon monoxide Soot (C)
Why is CO poisinous
Bonds to haemoglobin in the blood and prevents oxygen from bonding