Biology: Cells
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List and describe the characteristics of living organisms.
Movement, Respiration, Sensitivity, Cells, Growth, Reproduction, Excretion, Nutrition
State that living organisms are made of cells.
All living organisms are made of cells
Identify and describe the structure of a plant cell (palisade cell) and an animal cell (liver cell), as seen under a light microscope.
Plant Cell: Cell Wall, Cell Membrane, Large Vacuole, Chloroplasts, Cytoplasm, Nucleus Animal Cell: Cell Membrane, Mitochondria, Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Ribosomes
Describe the differences in structure between typical animal and plant cells.
• Plant Cells can be larger than Animal Cells • Plant cells have chloroplasts instead of mitochondria • plant cells have a cell wall to keep the structural integrity and to protect • plant cells have large vacuoles that animals do not
Calculate magnification and size of biological specimens using millimetres as units.
Magnification = Size of Image/Actual Size of Object
Purpose of the cell wall
Maintain the shape and structure of the cell, protect the cell’s content from pathogens and prevent damage caused by excess water intake. Made of cellulose.
Purpose of the cell membrane
Protect the cell from its surroundings. Controls the movement of substances in and out of cells.
Purpose of the cytoplasm
Jelly-like substance that fills the cell. Made of 80% water.
Purpose of the vacuole
Stores waste products, maintains water and pH balance of cells and maintains the shapes of cells
Define diffusion as the net movement of molecules from a region of their higher concentration to a region of their lower concentration down a concentration gradient, as a result of their random movement.
Diffusion is the net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration; down a concentration gradient as a result of their random movement.
Describe the importance of diffusion of gases and solutes and of water as a solvent
• gas exchange. - transpiration