Biology Cb5
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What is the first stage of genetic engineering?
identify a section of DNA on the source chromosome that contains the required gene
What is the second stage of genetic engineering?
extract the required gene from the source chromosome using an enzyme
What is the third stage of genetic engineering?
extract the plasmid from the bacterial cell
What is the fourth stage of genetic engineering?
cut open the plasmid using an enzyme
What is the fifth stage of genetic engineering?
insert and seal the required gene into the bacterial plasmid using an enzyme
What is the sixth stage of genetic engineering?
insert the altered plasmid into the bacterial host cell creating a genetically modified (GM) organism
What medical use can genetic engineering be used for?
Human genes have been transferred to fast-growing, rapidly reproducing bacteria to allow the production of human proteins required for medical use, eg insulin and growth hormone.
What is genetic engineering being used to improve?
Genetic engineering is being used to improve crops and increase yields.
Name 2 aspects of crops that have been changed
• disease resistance – blight resistant potatoes; • nutritional quality – Golden Rice rich in beta carotene; • environmental tolerance – frost and drought tolerant varieties; • shelf-life – Flavr Savr tomatoes.