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the bottommost layer of the atmosphere; it extends to 11km (7 mi) to above sea level

the layer of the atmosphere above the troposphere and below the mesosphere; it extends from 11km (7 mi) to 50 km (31 mi) above sea level

a portion of the stratosphere, roughly 17 - 30 km (10 - 19 mi) above sea level, that contains most of the ozone in the atmosphere

the weight per unit area produced by a column of air

the ratio of water vapor given volume of air to the maximum amount the air could contain, for a given temperature.

a circular current (of air, water, magma, ect.) driven by temperature differences in the atmosphere, warm air that rises into the regions of lower atmosphere pressure, where it expands and cools and them descends and becomes denser, replacing warm air that is rising. the air picks up heat and moisture near ground level and prepared to rise again. continuing the process

the local physical properties of the troposphere, such as temperature, pressure, pressure,humidity, cloudiness, and wind, over relatively short time periods

the pattern of atmospheric conditions found across long geographic regions over long periods of time

the boundary between air masses that differ in temperature and moisture (and therefore density)

the boundary where a mass of warm air displaces a mass of colder air

the boundary where a mass of cold air displaces a mass of warmer air

an air mass with elevated atmospheric pressure, containing air that descends, typically bringing fair weather

an air mass in which air moves towards the low atmospheric pressure at the center of the system and spirals upward, typically bringing clouds and precipitation

a departure from the normal temperature distribution in the atmosphere, in which a packet of relatively cold air occurs near ground. with warmer air above it. the cold air, denser than the air above, traps pollutants near the ground and can thereby cause a build up of smog

in a temperature inversion, the band of air in which temperature rises with altitude (instead of falling with altitude, as temperature does normally)

one of a pair of cells of convective circulation between the equator and 30 degrees north and south latitude that influence global climate patterns

one of a pair of cells of convective circulation between the poles and 60 degrees north and south latitude that influence global climate patterns

one of a pair of cells of convective circulation between the 30 degrees and 60 degrees north and south latitude that influence global climate change

the apparent deflection of north-south air currents to a partly east-west direction. caused by the faster spin of the regions near the equator than of the regions near the poles as a result of Earth’s rotation

a cyclonic storm that forms over the ocean but can do damage upon arriving on land. a type of cyclonic or typhoon that usually forms over the atlantic sea ocean

a cyclonic storm in which funnel clouds pick up soil and objects, threatening life and causing great damage to property

the act of polluting the air, or the condition of being polluted by air pollutants

gases and particulate material added to the atmosphere that can affect climate or harm people or other organisms

air pollution that occurs outdoors