TOPIC(S) TEST

A physical set of parallel wires connecting and carrying groups of bits between several components of a computer

The process of completing the FDE cycles of three separate instructions simultaneously

Carries the memory address to identity where data is read from or written to

A set of instructions written in machine code that can be recognised by a given processing unit/CPU

• Used to temporarily store data which is read from or written to memory • All data to and from memory must travel down the data bus and pass through the MDR

A co-processor which has lots of independent processors working parallel making it efficient at tasks

• Any additional processor used for a specialised task

• Aims to complete a task in as few lines of assembly code as possible • Complicated hardware and circuitry so it can understand and execute a series of operations • Makers efficient use of RAM • Used in laptops and desktop computers

• Controls and coordinates all activities of the CPU • Directs the flow of data between the CPU and other devices

Parallel processing is where a processor carries out a single instruction on multiple data items at the same time

_ CPUs are generic processing units / GPUs are highly specialised - CPUs excel at performing complex operations on small data sets (Vice versa) - GPUS are designed so a single instruction can work over a large block of similar data

• Shared space for data and instruction (same format) • A single CU/processor follow a linear FDE cycle • One instruction at a time

• Uses simple instructions which is executed within one clock cycle • Uses less complex hardware so there’s more space for cache and registers • Used in smartphones and embedded systems • Heavy use of RAM (bottlenecks if limited)

Any device that can take data stored in digital form and convert it into a form that humans can process e.g. sound

The process of program instructions by dividing them between multiple processors or processor cores

Data is stored in the reflectivity (pits and lands) of a surface and is read from and written to by a laser

multiple instructions carried out on multiple data across several cores

Relies on the polarisation of magnetic particles to store bits on a magnetic material which is typically moved mechanically

• Single chip containing two or more independent processing units • Each core can fetch, decode and execute its own instructions

Any device that allows you to pass information from the outside world into a computer system

• Instructions and data stored in separate memory unit (own bus) • Reading and writing an instruction can be done at the same time as fetching an instruction • Used by RISC processors

Sends signals to all connected components and makes the CPU aware that they all exist

Solid state technology that stores data on a collection of memory chips - No moving parts as data is accessed by software

The concept of receiving and retrieving data on the internet in the cloud instead of a local storage device