Gene Expression
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Messenger RNA Basic
Carries a copy of the DNA code from the nucleus to the ribosome
Transfer RNA Basic
Each tRNA molecule carries its specific amino acid to the ribosome
Ribosomal RNA
rRNA and proteins form a ribosome
Transcription RNA Polymerase
RNA polymerase moves along DNA unwinding the double helix and breaking the hydrogen bonds between the bases. RNA polymerase synthesises a primary transcript of mRNA from RNA nucleotides by complementary base pairing.
RNA Splicing forms
Mature Transcript
Introns
The introns of the primary transcript are non- coding regions and are removed.
Exons
The exons are coding regions and are joined together to form the mature transcript. The order of the exons is unchanged during splicing.
Can Different proteins can be expressed from one gene, as a result of alternative RNA splicing?
Yes
tRNA involvement in translation
tRNA is involved in the translation of mRNA into a polypeptide at a ribosome. Translation begins at a start codon and ends at a stop codon. Anticodons bond to codons by complementary base pairing, translating the genetic code into a sequence of amino acids. Peptide bonds join the amino acids together. Each tRNA then leaves the ribosome as the polypeptide is formed.
Different mature mRNA transcripts are produced from the same primary transcript depending on
Which exons are retained
Amino Acids
Amino acids are linked by peptide bonds to form polypeptides. Polypeptide chains fold to form the three-dimensional shape of a protein, held together by hydrogen bonds and other interactions between individual amino acids. Proteins have a large variety of shapes which determines their functions