Module 2.2.1 - Electron structure
No description yet. This curated deck is ready for daily study.
Card preview (18)
What is an atomic orbital?
The region within an atom around the nucleus that can hold up to two electrons with opposite spins
What are shells/electronic energy levels?
A group of atomic orbitals with the same principal quantum number (shell number). Shell closest to the nucleus , principal quantum number 1, has the lowest energy
What is the maximum number of electrons the first 4 shells can hold?
Shell 1: 2 Shell 2: 8 Shell 3: 18 Shell 4 : 32
What are sub-shells?
Within a shell, electrons are arranged into sub-shells, which are groups of the same type of atomic orbital within a shell.
What are the 4 smallest sub-shells?
Made up of one type of atomic orbital only s,p,d,f
What shape does an s orbital have?
spherical
What shape does a p orbital have?
A dumbbell/hourglass shape
How many orbitals does each sub-shell contain? (and how many electrons maximum in each sub-shell?)
s sub-shell: 1(2) p sub-shell: 3 (6) d sub-shell: 5 (10) f sub-shell: 7 (14)
Which sub-shells are in the first shell and how many electrons can it hold?
s sub-shell only, can hold up to 2 electrons
What sub-shells are in the 2nd shell and how many electrons can it hold?
s sub-shell and p sub-shell, can hold up to 8 electrons
What sub-shells are in the 3rd sub-shell and how many electrons can it hold?
s, p,d sub-shells, can hold up to 18 electrons
What sub-shells are in the 4th shell and how many electrons can it hold?
s,p,d,f sub-shells, can hold up to 32 electrons
What is the order of increasing energy in sub-shells?
s,p,d,f (s has the lowest energy)
How do electrons fill orbitals?
Start from lowest energy sub-shell first, closest to nucleus
Why are 4s and 3d an anomaly?
4s fills its orbital up before orbitals in 3d sub-shell because 4s has a lower energy than 3d sub-shell.
What are blocks of elements?
Blocks in the periodic table where elements have their highest energy electron in either s/p/d/f orbitals, making the elements s/p/d/f -block elements
What are the electronic configurations of Cr and Cu? (from 3p^6)
Cr: 4s^1 3d^5 Cu: 4^1 3d^10 Only elements that have half-full 4s sub-shells (atoms more stable)
What are transition elements?
D-block elements that forms an ion with an incomplete d sub-shell. Lose their 4s electrons first when forming positive ions