Ethics in Sport Performance
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Why would an athlete take anabolic steroids?
Train harder for longer Promote muscle growth Repair of muscle tissue Side effects: Liver damage Heart failure Increased aggression Masculine effects on females Reduced sperm count Usually taken by weight lifters, body builders, sprinters
Why would an athlete take peptide hormones?
Build & repair muscles Increase transport of oxygen Side effects: Muscle atrophy Increased blood viscosity Taken by weight lifters, body builders, sprinters
Why would an athlete take beta blockers?
Calms nerves Steady hands Improved fine motor control Side effects: Low blood pressure Chronic fatigue Slows HR Taken by shooters, archery, snooker
Why would an athlete take narcotic analgesics?
Reduce pain Side effects: Addictive Sickness Respiratory complications Taken by all sports
Why would an athlete take stimulants?
Increased endurance & alertness Reduced fatigue Side effects: Higher blood pressure & temperature Possible death Addictive Taken by cycling & boxing
Why would an athlete take diuretics?
Quick weight loss Side effects: Dehydration Dizziness Faintness Taken by Jockeys & Boxers
What is blood doping?
Freezing & re-injecting RBCs to increase haematocrit
Why would an athlete blood dope?
HIgher RBC count - increased O2 transport & cardiovascular endurance Side effecs: AIDS Hepatitis Blood clotting Allergic reaction Taken by long endurance events like cycling, running, skiing
What is meant by sample manipulation?
Involves altering nature of samples by simple substitution & use of products to affect amount of drug present in urine
What is meant by sample adulteration?
introducing chemicals into urine sample to interfere with testing process. These chemicals also include some drugs that may interfere with testing technology to cause ‘false negative’ report
What is meant by masking?
Rapidly removing drugs from body prior to test or blocking removal of drug from body through kidney & urine intent is to use drug/chemical to gently reduce urine concentration of illegal drug