Kindergarten - Adulthood
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All components continue to development during elementary years, but ___ and ___ grow most
pragmatics Semantics
Two cognitive processes that help early school children with pragmatics
nonegocentricism decentration
cognitive process that grants ability to describe objects/events through multiple dimensions
decentration
cognitive process that grants ability to take another person’s perspective
Nonegocentricism
What are four ways early elementary school kids are better at storytelling than preschool kids?
1) Increased awareness of structure and needs of audience 2) Using causal coherence = X happened because of Y, etc 3) Provide beginning, a problem, plan to overcome problem, and resolution 4) Decontextualize = setting up a story
four types of stories told by early school-aged kids
1) recount (adult-driven) 2) eventcast 3) accounts (child-driven) 4) stories
What are five traits often seen in early-school-aged children’s stories?
1) Overt marking of changes in time and place 2) Introduction (characters, setting) 3) Deets on motivation and internal reactions 4) Complexity of episode structure 5) Loose-ends more tied-up than preschoolers
narrative framework and internal structure of a story is called
story grammar
What are the 7 components of story grammar?
SIIIACC 1) setting statement 2) initiating event 3) internal response 4) internal plan (not always included in young kid’s stories) 5) attempt 6) consequence 7) character’s reaction
Which story grammar component provides the exposition for the story?
setting statement
Which story grammar component refers to the first thing that happens?
initiating event
what is the last component of story grammar?
character’s reaction
Elementary school kids with more linguistic proficiency repair communication breakdowns by __
offering more info
Early school-age kids start to use different speaking styles with different ___
groups of people
Elementary-school kids can do these three things with topics within a conversation
1) introduce 2) sustain 3) switch
Children can start to have a sustained conversation about an abstract topic at age __
11
asking for something by not asking for it outright (ie it sure is hot today = request for ice cream)
Indirect request
As children get older, their use of ___ requests increases
indirect
Elementary-aged kids start to use deictic words (otherwise known as __ and __)
here; there
What are four ways vocab changes for elementary schoolers?
-Grows -Word definitions and relationships better -Better precision -Understand words with multiple meanings
Children’s definitions start to look like adult definitions around age __
11
Elementary kids gradually get better and learning new things without the use of ___, or by using __ __
context; context clues
concept organization goes from __ to __ with age
concrete; abstract
two types of concept organization
taxonomic and thematic