Lipids
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Why are lipids important? constrents helps… maintain…. acts as… hormone… organ… transport….
constrents in cell membrane helps absorb fat soluble vitamins maintains membrane fluids acts as thermal insulator/cell metab regulator hormone synth organ padding transporters
Describe fatty acids bonds excess types
carbon hydrogen bonds store excess calories trans vs cis (trans can bend) saturated has no double bonds unsaturated has double bonds
Whats an example of a fatty acid? trans fats?
Omega-3 and fish oils trans fats not found in nature increase heart disease
Describe trygericerides how many fatty acids characteristics? saturation? RT? Animal vs plant? Charge? Phobia?
3 fatty acids saturated no bends solid at RT animal sources Unsaturated: oil at RT, plant sources Hydrophobic water in solution UNCHARGED
Describe phospholipids
two fatty acids hydrophilic phospholipids amphipathic lipids synthizied in organs especially water
Describe cholesterol saturation? amphi.. synth by what? catabolism? fuel? acids?
unsaturated steroid alcohol amphipathic synth by animals/most tissues not readily catabolized NOT SOURCE OF FUEL can be conv to bile acids
Decribe general lipoprotein structure size correlates to.. shape size in nm
size correlates to content bigger = more stuff spherical 10nm-1 proteins and lipids
What is the main role of lipoprotein structures
delivery of fuels
Describe Chylomicrons
produced by intestines transport Exogenous triglycerides hydrophobic core (93% tri 1% ester) free fatty acids passed in intestines scatter light easily and is turbid
Describe VLDL very low density produced by core
produced by liver major carrier of endogenous triglycerides hydrophobic core not as bouyant/diff in sample
Describe LDL
endogenous transport of cholesterol in liver synth from VLDL smaller and easier to infiltrate extracellular space up to 8 subvarieties can cause heart issues
Describe HDL
synth by liver and intestines smallest and most dense, reverse cholesterol transport (out of cells) and high levels good (good fats)
Describe lipoprotein (A)
LDL like particles elevated levels increase risk of premature CHD and stroke stratify risk of family hxt w/ stroke
Describe Immediate density V-L Seen in what rare thing?
normally only transenty present between the conversion of VLDL to LDL found in rare inborn errors of metabolism
Describe lipoprotein X
Abnormal lipoprotein present in pt w/ biliary cirrhosis or cholesterol
What is APO A1/A1
HDL
What is APOB100
LDL
What is APOB48
Chylomicrons
What is APO(a)
Lp(a)
What is the difference between the 4 pathways for physiology and metabolism?
1,2,3 are transport/dietary lipids/hepatic derrived cells 4 is to maintain equalibrium w cholesterol
Describe the Exogenous pathway whats secreted where what breaks what down
fats secreted into small intestines lysozymes break down particles
Describe the endogenous pathway VL Hypocho
VLDL hypocholesterolemia
Describe the reverse cholesteral transport path
equalibrum, cholesterol out of cells
Total cholesterol ranges HDL-C LDL-C Trig -
TC- 140-200 HDL 40-75 LDL 50-130 Trig 60-150