Ch. 4

Low rate that occurs with changing env conditions for 1 to 5 species for each million species on the earth

genetically engineering animals act as biofactories for producing stuff

First phase of evolution, chemical reactions change in first billion years to later lead to life

Changes in gene pool of one species lead to changes in that of the other.

Individuals with a trait must leave more offspring for evolution to favor that trait

When microorganisms feed on infect or come into close contact with another species and transfer genetic information in doing so

Extinction rates higher than normal but not high enough to count as mass extinction

Significant rise in background extinction, Ordovician, Devonian Permian Triassic Cretaceous and anthropocene

Those only in one area

Full potential niche if no competition

Broad niches, like flies cockroaches rats white-tailed dear raccoons coyotes copperheads starlings humans and weeds

First step in evolution, occurs through mutations

Altered DNA that contains portions of genes from organisms of different species

Goes beyond genetic engineering to change fundamental components of cells to use them to rebuild organisms

Strong opposable thumbs complex brain and ability to walk upright