Module 4 - [ch11] (foundations in organic chem)
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what does nomenclature mean
system to name organic compounds
empirical formula
simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a molecule
molecular formula
number and type of atoms in a molecule
displayed formula
shows every atom and bond in a molecule
structural formula
shows arrangement of atoms without showing bonds e.g C5H12 or CH3COOH
define skeletal formula
formula drawn using lines each vertex represents a carbon atom all unspecified bonds are C-
define homologous series [2]
a series of organic compounds with the same functional group with each successive member differing by CH2
define functional group [1]
A functional group is the part of the organic molecule that is largely responsible for the molecule’s chemical properties
what is an aliphatic hydrocarbon
hydrocarbon with carbon atoms joined together in a straight line or branched chain
what is an alicyclic hydrocarbon
hydrocarbons arranged in non-aromatic rings
what is an aromatic hydrocarbon
hydrocarbon that includes at least one benzene ring
suffixes! no double bond double bond alcohol
-ane -ene -ol
suffix aldehyde
-al
suffix ketone
-one
suffix carboxylic acid
-oic acid
prefix C4H9
butyl
prefix Br,Cl,I
bromo chloro iodo
prefix CH3
methyl
general formula for alcohols
C(n)H(2n+1)OH
what does saturated mean
organic compounds which only contain single bonds
what does unsaturated mean
contains at least 1 c=c
What is meant by the term structural isomer? [1]
Same molecular formula but different structural formulae
3 ways in which structural isomers can form
alkyl groups in different places functional groups can be bonded to different parts different functional groups
what are stereoisomers
same molecular formula arranged differently in space