Genetics and Inheritance
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Define gene?
Small segments of DNA that code for a specific trait
What are autosomes?
All chromosomes except for the sex chromosomes
The pair of chromosomes that determine the genetic sex of an individual are called?
Sex chromosome
Define locus?
The position/location of a gene on a chromosome
What are alleles?
Genes that control a particular trait at the same locus on homologous chromosomes
What are homologous chromosomes?
A pair of chromosomes that possess genes for the same trait. (1 from mum, 1 from dad)
A gene that is only expressed when there is no dominant gene is called?
Recessive
A dominant gene is _____ expressed
Always
Homozygous is an individual with the _____ genes/alleles on homologous chromosomes (e.g. RR or rr)
Same
When an individual has different genes/alleles on homologous chromosomes (e.g. Rr) it is called?
Heterozygous
What it the term to describe the genetic makeup of an individual. The combination of alleles present at one or more chromosomal location?
Genotype
What is the term to describe the physical characteristics/ the way a person looks?
Phenotype
Define genetics
The study of genes and heredity