Redox Reactions
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What happens when a primary alcohol reacts with an oxidizing agent?
The primary alcohol is converted to an aldehyde
What is the primary alcohol converted into when it reacts with an oxidizing agent?
An aldehyde
What does a primary alcohol have to react with in order be converted into an aldehyde?
An oxidizing agent
What reacts with an oxidizing agent which is then converted to an aldehyde?
A primary alcohol
Name two suitable oxidizing agents which can convert a primary alcohol into an aldehyde
Acidified sodium dichromate (Na2Cr2O7) / sodium dichromate (VI) Acidified potassium permanganate (KMnO4) /potassium manganate (VII)
What is the formula for acidified sodium dichromate/sodium dichromate (VI)?
Na2Cr2O7
What is the name of this agent Na2Cr2O7
Acidified sodium dichromate/ sodium dichromate VI
What is the name of the agent KMnO4
Acidified potassium permanganate/ potassium permanganate (VII)
What is the formula for Acidified potassium permanganate/ potassium permanganate (VII)
KMnO4
What happens if a primary alcohol reacts with an oxidizing agent in excess?
The primary alcohol is converted to an aldehyde which is further oxidized to a carboxylic acid
What is removed from the primary alcohol during an oxidation reaction?
Two hydrogen atoms are removed
How can it easily be seen that an oxidation reaction has taken place?
Two hydrogens have been lost from the primary alcohol
Where does the name aldehyde come from
ALcohol DEHYDrogenation
What happens to an aldehyde when it is oxidized
An extra oxygen atom is added to the aldehyde
How can it easily be seen that an aldehyde has been oxidized to a carboxylic acid
Aldehyde gains an oxygen atom
What forms when ethanol oxidizes?
Ethanoic acid (vinegar)
Why can oxidation be a problem on wine making?
Ethanol in wine oxidizes to ethanoic acid if left open in the air
What is formed from the oxidation of a secondary alcohol?
A ketone is formed
An oxidation reaction of what forms a ketone?
A secondary reaction
Give an example of a secondary alcohol
Propan-2-ol
Give an example of a ketone
Propanone
What happens when propan-2-ol reacts with acidified sodium dichromate?
Propanone is formed
How can aldehydes and ketones be reduced back to alcohols?
In the presence of hydrogen and a nickel catalyst
What happens to ethanal in the presence of hydrogen and a nickel catalyst?
It is reduced to ethanol (a primary alcohol)