Conservation of Biodiversity 1
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Name 3 resources that we have due to conserving biodiversity.
Fibres, Wood, Oil, Fuel and Food
What is a domesticated crop?
Crop: A plant grown to provide food or another resource. Domesticated: A crop we have taken control of.
Give an example of a domesticated crop.
Wheat, maize, barley, rice
Why are domesticated crop more susceptible to disease and environmental change?
Due to the individuals in a population having very similar genetics/ small gene pool/ low genetic biodiversity.
What is a crop wild relative (CWR)?
A wild plant that is closely related to a domesticated crop.
Why are Crop Wild Relatives less susceptible to disease and environmental change?
The individuals in the population have differences in their genetics/ larger gene pool/ higher genetic biodiversity.
Suggest a characteristic found in Crop Wild Relatives that could be useful to humans.
Disease resistance Drought resistance High yield
Crop Wild Relatives are concentrated in specific geographical areas which are called….
Centres of Diversity OR Vavilov Centres
What is biomimetics?
Copying ideas from nature in human made products
Describe, with an example, how biomimetics has impacted vehicle design.
The shape of the peregrine falcon has been mimicked by the B2 bomber to allow it to reach high speeds.
Describe, with an example, how biomimetics has impacted architecture.
The shape of termite mounds has been mimicked by the Eastgate Centre (Zimbabwe) to allow it to cool in high temperatures.
Describe, with an example, how biomimetics has impacted adhesion.
The hooks on a seed burr have been mimicked by Velcro to allow materials to be stuck together.
Describe, with an example, how biomimetics has impacted materials.
The aerodynamics of shark skin have been mimicked in Swimwear to increase the swimmer’s speed.
Describe, with an example, how biomimetics has impacted ultrasound.
The communication of bats by ultrasound has been mimicked to produce pregnancy scans.
Suggest and explain two ways that conserving biodiversity can control the number of pests that affect a crop.
More predators- that eat an animal pest More herbivores- that eat a plant pest (weed) More parasites- that weaken the pest More pathogens- that infect and kill the pest
What are ecosystem services?
Services that organisms provide so that we have the conditions we need to survive on Earth.
Name 2 of the ecosystem services that biodiversity provides.
Atmospheric conditions Biogeochemical cycles Soil maintenance Interspecies relationships
Describe, with examples, the three interspecies relationships.
Pollination- bees move pollen from a plants anther to the stigma. Seed dispersal- birds eat and egest the seeds, moving the seeds away from the parent plant. Habitat- an oak tree could provide a habitat for an owl.
What is direct exploitation?
Humans directly decrease the population of a species.
State the 3 key reasons for direct exploitation.
To get a resource. To reduce the size of a predator population. To reduce the size of a competitor population.
Name 3 resources humans could get from direct exploitation.
Food, fashion, furniture, traditional medicine.
What is indirect exploitation?
Humans indirectly decreasing the population of a species.
State the 3 key reasons for indirect exploitation.
Habitat destruction, changes to an abiotic factor, changes to a biotic factor.
Describe the effect of introducing a non-native close relative of a species into an indigenous population.
Indigenous population and non-native population could breed. Reducing the genetic biodiversity.