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transverse pericardial sinus, oblique pericardial sinus The transverse pericardial sinus is located between the arterial and venous structures of the heart, while the oblique pericardial sinus is a recess behind the left atrium.

A depression in the interatrial septum that marks the remnant of the foramen ovale The foramen ovale is a structure present in fetal circulation that allows blood to bypass the non-functioning fetal lungs.

• crista terminalis • terminal sulcus • sinus veranum • Thebesian valve • eustachian valve • supraventricular crest • trabeculae carne • septomarginal trabeculae These structures contribute to the anatomy and function of the right atrium.

The infundibulum of the right ventricle It is the portion of the right ventricle that leads to the pulmonary artery.

The area in the left ventricle just before the aorta This area plays a role in the outflow of blood from the left ventricle to the aorta.

To anchor the heart valves to the papillary muscles They help prevent the valves from inverting during ventricular contraction.

A classic auscultation point for heart sounds It is located at the third intercostal space near the left sternal border.

A collection of fibers in the right atrium It is involved in conduction and can affect heart rhythm.

A band of muscle fibers in the atrium that connects the right and left atria It plays a role in coordinating atrial contraction.

To carry the right bundle branch of the conduction system to the anterior papillary muscle This structure helps facilitate coordinated contraction of the right ventricle.

A fetal blood vessel that connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta It allows blood to bypass the lungs in fetal circulation.

To describe the flow of fluid through a cylindrical pipe It is fundamental for understanding blood flow in vessels.

A brief increase in aortic pressure following closure of the aortic valve It is a feature seen in arterial pressure waveforms.

A dimensionless number used to predict flow patterns in different fluid flow situations It helps determine whether flow is laminar or turbulent.

Sounds heard during the measurement of blood pressure They are produced by the turbulent blood flow in the arteries when the cuff pressure is lowered.

The electrical potential difference across a cell membrane It is critical for the generation of action potentials in cardiac cells.

Types of voltage-gated calcium channels They play important roles in cardiac action potentials.

The conduction velocity of electrical impulses in the heart It is a key factor in cardiac rhythm and function.

The phenomenon where increased heart rate leads to increased contractility It highlights the relationship between heart rate and myocardial contractility.

The relationship between stroke volume and end-diastolic volume It describes how the heart’s output increases with increased filling.

The closure of heart valves during the cardiac cycle The sounds are crucial for assessing cardiac function.

To transmit sensory information from the carotid sinus It plays a role in blood pressure regulation.

Cells in the adrenal medulla that produce catecholamines They are involved in the body’s response to stress.

Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System It regulates blood pressure and fluid balance.