Types of Bonds and Compounds

transfer e- between elements with large difference in electronegativity. Usually metal with nonmetal. (Although polyatomic ions can be made with all nonmetals)

sharing of electrons between two elements with similar electronegativity. Usually between two NON-metals

positively charges atoms

negatively charged atoms

ion (cation+ and anion-)

metal and nonmetal. Typically the metal gives away its e- to a nonmetal

ionic compounds even though they don’t contain metals. They are the exceptions

nonmetal and nonmetal bond. They SHARE their e- 1) Shared evenly there is no charge -Nonpolar Covalent Bonds 2) Shared unevenly there is partial negative and positive charges charges -Polar Covalent Bonds

Increases as you move up and to the right on the periodic table (exclude noble gases)

Whichever atom has a larger electronegativity, will get the partially negative charge.

partial negative and positive charges on atoms Ex: water, O partially- and H partially+

When nonmetal atoms bonded together do NOT have significant electronegativity difference between them so they do NOT have partial charges

high MP, high BP, brittle, hard, kept together by ionic interactions (lattice energy) Ex: NaCl, MgO

low MP, do not conduct electricity, kept together by intermolecular forces Ex: H20 (polar), Cl2 (nonpolar)

high MP, high BP, hard, do not conduct electricity Ex: C (diamond, graphite), SiO2 (quartz)

metal and metal bonded together 1) variable hardness and MP depending on metals 2) conduct electricity 3) lustrous (shiny) 4) malleable 5) ductile

Every atom wants to feel like it has 8 e-

Polar. elements closer together have more similar electronegativity and will be nonpolar