3.3 - Halogenoalkanes
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Conditions for Hydrolysis of Halogenoalkanes?
|> Aqueous |> Room Temp
Reagents for Hydrolysis of Halogenoalkanes?
|> Aqueous Hydroxides e.g. NaOH, KOH
General Equation for the formation of Nitriles?
RX + CN⁻ |> RCN + X⁻
Why is Silver Iodide the fastest to form in reaction with Silver Nitrate Solution?
|> C-I bond is weakest |> Eₐ is lower so there is a greater proportion of successful collisions in the same unit of time
Reactions for the Catalysed Breakdown of the Ozone Layer?
Cl⋅ + O₃ |> O₂ +ClO⋅ ClO⋅ + O₃ |> 2O₂ + Cl⋅
What test can be used to determine the rate of Hydrolysis?
Silver Nitrate Precipitate Test
What is the Nucleophile of a Hydrolysis reaction?
∶OH⁻
Overall reaction for the Breakdown of the Ozone Layer?
2O₃ |> 3O₂
What is the Base in an Elimination reaction?
∶OH⁻
Nucleophile or Base when forming Amines?
Both
What does the breakdown of CFCs form?
Chlorine Radicals
2 examples of Alternative organohalogen compounds?
CF₃ & C₄H₁₀
Why do Halogenoalkanes undergo Nucleophilic Substitution?
Contain a δ⁺ Carbon that attracts nucleophiles
Why is the Ozone layer Beneficial?
Absorbs UV radiation
Why can Silver Nitrate Solution not determine rate of Hydrolysis of 1-fluorobutane?
AgF is soluble
Some uses of Halogenoalkanes?
|> Refrigerants |> Solvents |> Pharmaceuticals
Why can’t water be used in formation of Nitriles?
Water has OH⁻ ions
Define: Elimination
A reaction in which an atom/(group of atoms) is removed from a reactant
Why is using CF₃ better than using CFCs?
|> no C-Cl bond |> Breaks far above Ozone Layer
Define: Base
H⁺ acceptor
Define: Hydrolysis
Breaking of a Bond using Water
What does a Double-headed Curly Arrow show?
Movement of a pair of electrons
Role of ∶OH⁻ in an Elimination reaction?
Base
What is the Nucleophile in formation of Amines?
∶NH₃