Topic 2 - Case, Assessment & Interpretation
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What does the Court Justice System expect of the Police & Courts?
• Intelligence – timely information to link or exclude suspect (DNA, fingerprints, mobile phones, CCTV) etc • Corroborative evidence – to support charge/prosecution (all forensic potential discovered in casework) • Timely scientific support through all stages of Criminal Justice System
rapid, quality, clear, good, partnership, objective What does the Court Justice System expect of Politicians & Society?
• Rapid DNA results, quality assured casework, clear statements, good testimony • An impact on crime, crime reduction & crime prevention • Partnership projects in serious & volume crime • An objective measure of ‘value’
1990 Where did CAI originate?
• Forensic Science Service became an Executive Agency of Home Office • Direct charging of police for forensic services • Development of forensic products (samples and other evidence) • Costs were no longer invisible to the police • In the early days there was a charge per item you wanted to examine • Due to these extra costs there was a lot of attempts to cut corners and not submit certain evidential items leading to wrong conclusions
1999 Why did the CAI originate? Experiencing a range of issues
The Forensic Science Service was experiencing a range of issues: - Experiencing significant case backlogs & long turnaround times - Constantly re-negotiating delivery dates - Drowning in unnecessary examinations & lengthy (manual) analytical processes - Struggling even to meet some court dates - Failing to meet the needs of police & CJS clients
What year did the forensic database go live?
1995
What did the 1988 Govt Act introduce?
• There was a requirement for ‘Best Value’ although they tended to opt for the lowest cost • Police Authorities were not exempt • The forensic costs were no longer inivisible • They did a cost review for better resource allocation & best value
What were the objectives of the CAI model? CJS, relationships
• Improve decision making and resource allocation • Improve relationships and develop partnerships • Provide value (defined by client agency) • Service the needs of the Criminal Justice System
What is the assessment in CAI?
How we manage, priotise and triage the demand
How many stages does the CAI model have?
3
What is the first stage of the CAI model?
• Customer requirement • Case Information • Customer Needs
What does the second phase of the CAI model involve?
• Case pre-assessment • Determine forensic strategy • Identify propositions
What does the third phase of the CAI model involve?
• Service delivery • Forensic examination • Evaluate outcomes • Interpretation & Report
What should you identify first in a case?
The defence and prosecution propositions.
Determine the propositon level Has the semen originated from the suspect?
Source level
Determine the propositon level Has the suspect had sexual intercourse with the complainant?
Activity level
Determine the propositon level Did the suspect rape the complainant?
Offence
What level is source level propositions?
• Level 1 • They require the least amount of information and expertise
What level is activity level propositions?
• Level 2 • Requires more expertise and information than source level but less than offence level
What level is offence level propositions?
• Level 3 • This requires the most expertise and information
Determine the propositon level The blood on Mr C’s clothing came from Mr Z
Source level proposition
Determine the propositon level The glass fragments came from window X
Source level
Determine the propositon level The blood on Mr C’s clothing came from an unknown person
Source level proposition supporting the defense
Determine the propositon level Mr A committed the burglary
Offence level