4.2.3 organic synthesis
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when is reflux used
reflux is used when heating organic mixtures for long periods of time
draw the reflux apparatus
in booklet
what do anti-bumping granules in distillation and reflux help with
prevents vigorous uneven boiling by making small bubbles instead of large ones
should the end of the condenser be sealed in reflux and why
no, as the build up of gas pressure could cause the apparatus to explode
what is used to heat the compound
waterbath or heating mantles as a naked flame may ignite the compound esp if it is flammable EG-alcohol
what is the purpose of distillation
separates liquids with different boiling points
in what order does distillation heat substances
in order of increasing boiling point
what do you heat in distillation
the reaction mixture
what do you place in the neck of your condenser in distillation
themometer
what is redistillation used for
purifying mixtures that contain volatile liquids
when should you collect liquid in redistillation
redistil and collect liquid when thermometer reads BLANK
What can you use separation for
if the product is insoluble in water you can use a separating funnel
what do you dissolve your substance in
-you dissolve your substance in water then pour it into a separating funnel
what should you collect and how
organic layer not aqueous layer organic layer is less dense so floats allow aqueous layer to run off then collect organic layer the organic layer will contain trace amount of water so add a drying mixture eg-MgSO4
summary of preparing and purifying an organic liquid
in booklet