Unit 3 Terms

A substance in food that is used by the body to promote normal growth, maintenance, and repair.

Carbs, lipids, proteins. Large complex organic molecules which form the base or all living functions. Built around carbon but also contain hydrogen and oxygen. Can also be called polymers.

Vitamins, minerals

A process leading to chemical changes in matter.

The anabolic process used to link monomers together by removing H2O.

The catabolic process used to break down polymers by adding H2O.

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen. Simplest carbs are monosaccharides (3-7). Small chains a sugars for short bursts of energy. The main fuel for cellular respiration.

Large molecules formed by linking monomers together by covalent bonds.

Small molecules that can be linked together to form polymers.

the combination of two monosaccharides. ex. sucrose. formed by dehydration synthesis.

Many monosaccharides linked together by dehydration synthesis. Used to store energy. Starches, glycogen, Cellulose.

Entirely glucose monomers. Used for storing energy and raw materials in plant roots and other tissues. Used as food by hydrolyzing the bonds between monomers within the digestive tract.

Animal starches. Mainly located in muscle cells and liver. How animals store energy. Identical to starches but more highly branched. We can hydrolyze glycogen found in meat.

very very long chains of carbs. Hard to digest because H+ and O- are attracted. Humans can’t hydrolyze. Known as fiber.

Mainly carbon and hydrogen. Linked together by non-polar covalent bonds. Not true polymers. More hydrogen to carbon, so more energy. 1g of fat is 2x more NRG than 1g of carbs. Fuel for the liver (metabolized to acetic acid)

contain max number of hydrogen atoms, only single bonds. Solid at room temp.

contain min number of hydrogen atoms, double or triple bonds. Liquid at room temp.

Unhealthy because they’re foreign.P

Very complex compounds. Very long chains called polypeptides, usually folded into unique 3D structure. Important to cell structure. Made up of monomers called amino acids.

Hair, nails, and muscles

antibodies, hemoglobin

when two amino acids are joined by dehydration synthesis.

there are 20 that can be used, but 8 can’t be synthesized by humans.

The shape of the protein determines the function. If the shape is lost the function is also lost.