Inorganic chemistry and the periodic table
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What happens to the atomic radius going down group 2?
The atomic radius increases down the group due to the addition of additional shells
What happens to the reactivity going down group 2?
The reactivity increases. This is because there is increased electron shielding and increased atomic radius down the group. This makes the 2 outer electrons easier to lose as they have a weaker attraction to the nucleus.
What happens to the ionisation energy going down the group?
The first ionisation energy decreases down the group due to a greater atomic radius and increased shielding. This makes it easier for the electron to be removed.
What do group 2 metals react with water to produce?
They react with water to produce a metal hydroxide and hydrogen. The metal hydroxide forms as an alkaline solution and is why the group 2 metals are known as the alkaline earth metals.
Mg + 2H20 ->
Mg(OH)2 + H2
How does magnesium react with liquid water?
very slowly
How can the reaction between magnesium and liquid water be sped up?
with steam, as this provides the reaction with extra energy.
What happens when magnesium burns in steam?
a bright white flame is produced and hydrogen and magnesium oxide are produced. (Mg + H20 -> Mg0 + H2)
what happens when group 2 metals react with chlorine?
metal chlorides are produced. These are all white precipitates.
Mg + Cl2 ->
MgCl2
What happens when group 2 meals react with oxygen?
metal oxides are produced
What can strontium and barium react with excess oxygen and heat to form?
Metal peroxides
What is the general equation of the reaction between group 2 metals and oxygen?
2M + 02 -> 2MO
What is the equation for the reaction between strontium/barium and oxygen?
M + 02 -> M02
What do group 2 metals react with dilute acids to produce?
bubbles of hydrogen gas and solutions of metal compounds.
X + 2HCl->
XCl2 + H2
X + H2S04->
XSO4 + H2
X + 2HNO3 ->
H2 + X(N03)2
What is HCl?
hydrochloric acid
What is H2SO4?
Sulfuric acid
what is HNO3?
nitric acid
What do group 2 hydroxides react with dilute acid to produce?
salt and water. This is a neutralisation reaction
What is the salt formed in neutralisation reactions dependant on?
The acid used
what salt does hydrochloric acid form?
chloride salts