Hansson - Science and pseudoscience

Boundaries or distinctions made to separate scientific endeavors from non-scientific or pseudoscientific activities

The act of rejecting established scientific consensus, often leading to delays or hindered progress in addressing issues such as climate change

The study of the production and distribution of wealth and resources within societies

The study of human society, social relationships, and institutions

Areas of study or practices that do not adhere to the methodologies or principles of science, including metaphysics, religion, and non-scientific systematized knowledge

A term describing practices or beliefs that mimic the outward appearance of science but lack its essential characteristics

Refers to the ideological or belief-based aspects of pseudoscientific practices

Rational institutions that define and distinguish non-scientific practices from scientific ones

A philosophical movement emphasizing the importance of empirical verification in determining the validity of scientific claims

A criterion proposing that scientific theories must be capable of being proven false through observation or experimentation

The idea that scientific progress is marked by the ability to solve puzzles within the framework of accepted theories

Standards or principles guiding scientific inquiry, such as communalism, disinterestedness, and organized skepticism

Utilizing multiple criteria to evaluate the scientific validity of theories or practices

The rejection or distortion of established scientific consensus, often leading to the promotion of fake controversies

The act of presenting pseudoscientific ideas in a manner that appears compatible with mainstream science while discrediting established scientific knowledge