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Functional Groups

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Total cards: 24•Content version: v4•Public deck•Updated: 8/1/2026

Card preview (24)

#1
Front (Question)

Two types of functional groups

Back (Answer)

• ) carbon carbon bonds 2. ) everything else where a hydrogen is replaced by specific atoms or groups

#2
Front (Question)

Alkanes (alkyl)

Back (Answer)

Two prefixes: n-CnH2n+1, n stand s for normal i-CnH2n+1, i stands for iso

#3
Front (Question)

Reduction of alkyl halides

Back (Answer)

• ) 2RX + Sn + 2H^+ -> RH + Zn^2+ + X- • ) 4RC + LiAlH4 -> 4RH + LiX + AlX3 • ) RX+(n-C4H9)3SnH -> RH+(n-C4H9)3SnX • ) RMgX+H2O -> RH + Mg(OH)X

#4
Front (Question)

Catalyzed hydrogenation of Alkenes & alkynes to produce alkanes

Back (Answer)

• ) alkene + H2 -Pt/Ni-> alkane 2. ) alkyne + 2H2 -Pt/Ni-> alkane

#5
Front (Question)

Corey-House synthesis

Back (Answer)

• ) 2R-Li + CuI -dry ether-> R2CuLi + LiI 2. ) R2CuLi + R’X -> R’R + RCu + LiX

#6
Front (Question)

Major reactions of alkanes

Back (Answer)

• ) thermal dehydrogenation (cracking) • ) combustion • ) halogenation

#7
Front (Question)

Thermal dehydrigenation

Back (Answer)

CnH2n+2 -heat-> mixture of smaller chain alkanes

#8
Front (Question)

Combustion

Back (Answer)

RH + O2 -> CO2 + 2H2O

#9
Front (Question)

Halogenation

Back (Answer)

RH + X2 -heat/light-> RX + HX

#10
Front (Question)

Halogenation initiation step

Back (Answer)

Forms reactive intermediate; a free radical of the halogen atom; electrophilic

#11
Front (Question)

Halogenation propagation step

Back (Answer)

• ) Radical break 1 C-H bond & creates alkyl radical 2. ) alkyl radical reacts with halogen molecule

#12
Front (Question)

Halogenation termination step

Back (Answer)

Produces fewer radicals than it uses

#13
Front (Question)

Polymerization

Back (Answer)

Alkenes easily undergo the producing polymers

#14
Front (Question)

Synthesis of Alkenes

Back (Answer)

• ) dehydeogenation of alkanes • ) dehydeogenation of alcohols • ) dehydrohalogenation of alkyl halides • ) dehalogenation of vicinal dihalides • ) reduction of alkynes

#15
Front (Question)

Dehydeogenation of alkanes to produce Alkenes

Back (Answer)

Alkane-heat&Pt/Pd-> alkene + H2

#16
Front (Question)

Dehydeogenation of alcohols to produce alkanes

Back (Answer)

Alcohol -acid-> alkene + H2O

#17
Front (Question)

Dehydrohalogenation of alkyl halides to produce alkene

Back (Answer)

RX -heat&base-> alkene

#18
Front (Question)

Dehalogenation of vicinal dihalides to produce Alkenes

Back (Answer)

XCH2-CH2X -Zn/Mg-> H2C=CH2 + ZnX2 or MgX2

#19
Front (Question)

Reduction of alkynes to produce Alkenes

Back (Answer)

Alkyne -Pd/BaSO4,H2,Quinoline-> alkene

#20
Front (Question)

Markovinkov’s rule

Back (Answer)

State that addition if a proton to the double bind of an alkene yields a product in which the proton is bonded to the carbon that already bears a greater # of hydrogens

#21
Front (Question)

Addition of hydrogen halides across double bonds (markovinkov addition)

Back (Answer)

H2C=CH2 + HX -> CH3CH2X

#22
Front (Question)

Hydration of Alkenes to produce alcohols (markovnikov addition)

Back (Answer)

H2C=CH2 + H2O -H+(cat)-> CH3CH2OH

#23
Front (Question)

Addition of H2SO4 to Alkenes to produce alcohols (markovnikov addition)

Back (Answer)

H2C=CH2 + H2SO4 -> CH3CH2-OSO3H -> CH3CH2OH

#24
Front (Question)

Oxymercuration-demercuration of Alkenes to produce alcohols (markovnikov addition)

Back (Answer)

H2C=CH2 + Hg(OAc)2 -H2O-> OHCH2CH2-HgOAc -NaBH4-> OHCH2CH3