organic analysis 3.3.6 in papers 2 + 3
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what is the test for alkenes and the result if positive?
• bromine water • orange to colourless
what is the test for alcohols and the result if positive?
• acidified pottasium dichromate • orange to green
what is the test for aldhydes and the result if positive?
• tollens reagent • colourless to silver mirror • fehlings solution • blue to orange/red percipitate
what is the test for carboxylic acid and the result if positive?
• sodium carbonate • bubbles
what is the test for halogenoalkanes and the result if positive?
• sodium hydroxide followed by silver nitrate • Cl, white percipitate • Br, cream percipitate • I, yellow percipitate
what is mass spectrometry used for?
to find the relative molecular mass of compounds
what does electron impact method do and how is it done?
• removes 1 electron to form a X+ ion • X(g) -> X+(g) + e- • high energy electrons from an electron gun is fired at the sample
what is electrospray ionisation methof and how is it done?
• adds 1 proton to form XH+ ion • X(g) + H+(g) -> XH+(g) • the compound is dissolved in a volatile solvent and sprayed out into a fine mist via a needle which is connected to a high voltage power supply
how is infared spectroscopy used?
• all covalent bonds vibrate at a characteristic frequency • the frequency depends on the mass of the atoms in the bond, the bond strength and the type of vibration
what is infared spectroscopy used for?
• identifying functional group signals (above 1500 on the graph) • identifying specific compounds, you use the fingerprint region (below 1500)