Transition metals
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What is a transition metal? (E - incomp d shl. - A/CI)
An element that has an incomplete d sub - shell in either its atoms or one of its common ions
Why do transition metals show similar chemical properties?
They have similar outer electron configurations
How do chromium and copper differ from the usual electron configuration pattern? (Cr + Cu - fill. 4s w/ xe- - fill. 3d - bck 4s)
Chromium and copper fill their 4s sub shell with only one electron before filling the 3d sub shell and coming back if necessary
What are the four main chemical properties of transition metals? Var. OX S, CC, CA, CIF
• Variable oxidation states • Formation of coloured compounds • Catalytic activity • Complex ion formation
What is meant by variable oxidation states? (frm. I - diff. chgs. - alw rdx. rctns.)
Transition metals can form ions with different charges, allowing them to take part in redox reactions
What is a catalyst?
A substance that increases the rate of a reaction without being used up or chemically changed
Why do transition metal solutions appear coloured? (absrb. wl. vis. lght. - sol. app. comp. clr. lght. absrb.)
They absorb certain wavelengths of visible light, and the solution appears complementary colour of the light absorbed
Why are scandium and zinc not considered transition metals?
They do not form ions with incomplete d - sub shells
Which d - block elements are not transition metals?
Scandium and zinc
What feature of electron structure causes colour in transition metal ions? (prt. fill d shls. alw. elec. tran. absrb. vis. lght.)
Partially filled d - sub shells allow electronic transitions that absorb visible light