Period 3
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Reaction between Na and water, condition observation
2Na(s) + 2H20(l) -> 2NaOH(aq) + H2(g) Effervesence Cold water
What is the product of all of period 3 reacting with oxygen
Oxides
Na + O2 -> ? Flame colour, solid colour
4Na(s) + O2(g) -> 2Na2O(s) Yellow flame White solid
S + O2 -> ? Flame colour, product property
S(s) + O2(g) -> SO2(g) Blue flame Choking gas
Mg, Al, Si and P flame and solid colour
White flame White solid
Mg + O2 -> ?
2Mg(s) + O2(g) -> 2MgO(s)
Al + O2 -> ?
4Al(s) + O2(g) -> 2Al2O3(s)
Si + O2 -> ?
Si(g) + O2(g) -> SiO2 (s)
P + O2 -> ?
4P(s) + 5O2(g) -> P4O10(s)
How are is Na and P stored? Why?
Na is under oil. P is under water. To prevent reactions with oxygen.
Bonding of the metal oxides, examples and properties
Ionic Na2O, MgO, Al2O3 Giant ionic lattices, increasing boiling point across the period due to the increasing charge
Bonding of P4O10 or SO2 oxides and properties
Covalent - Simple molecular Weak intermolecular forces, low boiling points, VdW + permanent dipole dipole only
Why does P4O10 have a larger boiling point then SO2
Bigger molecule so more VdW forces
Bonding of SiO2 oxide and properties
Covalent: Macromolecular High boiling point
Why does Al2O3 show some covalent character
Electronegative difference or the small, high charge aluminium ion distorting the oxide charge cloud Less energy to break bonds
Which are oxides are insoluble to water? Why? pH?
Al2O3 due to strong ionic lattice SiO2 due to macromolecular structure pH 7
Why do metal oxides reacting with water, do they act as a Bronsted-Lowry base or acid? Why?
Base Accept protons to form hydroxide ions
Na2O + H2O -> pH? Colour?
Na2O(s) + H2O(l) -> 2Na+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) pH 13 Colourless solution
MgO + H2O -> pH and why?
MgO(s) + H2O(l) -> Mg(OH)2(s) pH 9 Sparingly soluble so only some OH ions are made
P4O10 + H2O -> pH? Colour? Equation?
P4O10(s) + H2O(l) -> 4H3PO4(aq) pH 0 Colourless solution H3PO4 -> 3H+ + PO42-
SO2 + H2O -> pH? Solution reaction?
SO2(g) + H2O(l) -> H2SO3(aq) pH 3 SO2 + H2O -> H+ + HSO3-
SO3 + H2O -> pH? Solution reaction?
SO3(g) + H2O(l) -> H2SO4(aq) pH 0 SO3 + H2O -> H+ + HSO4-
General equation for when an acid and base react
Acid(s) + Base(aq) -> Salt(aq) + water(l)
What does it mean that Al2O3 is amphoteric?
Acts as both an acid and an alkili so can react with both