Chapter3

Energy in transit from a warm body to a cooler one, by means of infrared radiation, thermal conduction, or convection Heat is a form of energy transfer that occurs due to temperature differences.

Heat transfer when energy moves as waves in the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum Radiation does not require a medium to transfer energy.

Heat transfer by increased vibration of atoms. The faster vibration spreads to surrounding atoms Conduction occurs primarily in solids.

The process of heat transfer in fluids. As the fluid is heated its atoms move faster and the fluid expands, becoming less dense, so it rises Convection is essential in processes such as boiling water.

A substance that flows; a liquid or a gas Fluids can take the shape of their containers.

When two objects (or an object and its environment) are at the same temperature, and heat flow between them ceases Thermal equilibrium indicates no net heat exchange.

A mechanical process in which a force is applied to an object, and the object moves a certain distance in the direction of the force Work is calculated as the product of force and distance.

The sum of all the kinetic energies possessed by all the particles in a substance Internal energy is a key concept in thermodynamics.

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another This law is fundamental in understanding energy interactions.

Mass and energy are interchangeable; the total mass-energy remains constant in an isolated system This principle combines the concepts of mass and energy conservation.

[radiation, conduction, convection] These are the three primary modes of heat transfer.

False Work is defined by movement in the same direction as the force.