Respiratory & Digestive System

Breaks down carbs/starches with amylase and maltase pH of 7 (neutral)

Breaks down proteins with Pepsinogen + HCL = pepsin Pepsin + protein = amino acids Also breaks down lipids with lipase And breaks down dairy w rennin Has pH of 1-2

Breaks down carbs/starches w amylase and maltase Breaks down protein w trypsinogen + enterokinase = trypsin Breaks down lipids w lipase pH of 8-9

Water reabsorption

Lined w cilia and thick mucus membrane Cilia filters debris and sweeps it toward the pharynx(throat) The moist mucus traps debris and moisten the air

Pharynx: -passage for food and air - empties into trachea (windpipe) and esophagus Larynx: (voice box) -connects the pharynx w the trachea -vocal cords produce sound as air if forced from the lungs to the pharynx -bacterial or viral infections of the cords cause LARYNGITIS = cant talk

A flap like structure which prevents food or liquids from entering the trachea during swallowing

Function as a passage way for air between lungs and pharynx Composed of cartilage rings separated by muscle tissue

The smallest passage way for air found inside the lungs 🫁 Composed of smooth muscle (no cartilage rings) Air moves from the bronchioles to tiny alveoli sacs

Very thin (1cell) lined w a rich supply of capillaries Carbon dioxide and oxygen gas exchange occurs between the capillary blood and air within the alveoli sacs

The diaphragm contracts and FLATTENS Expanding the thoracic cavity and lowers the pressure The Intercoastal muscles contract and lift weights he rib cage upward and outward.

The diaphragm relaxes and becomes DOMED UPWARD The Intercoastal muscles relax and the rib cage drops downward and inward Reduces the volume of the thoracic cavity and RAISES THE PRESSURE

Asthma Bronchitis Emphysema

The breakdown of large complex organic molecules into smaller components

Ingestion -food into mouth Digestion- physical and chemical breakdown Absorb and transport - absorbing and transporting nutrients into the blood stream and throughout the body Egestion- getting rid of waste

Parotid - upper jaw Sub-lingual - under tongue 👅 Sub-maxillary- under jaw *makes saliva and saliva acts activates tastebuds

Physical Tongue also helps make saliva

Thick muscular tube that leads from pharynx to stomach

Controls passage of food into the stomach Keeps gastric juices in the stomach

Duodenum Jejunum Ileum

Ascending colon Transverse colon Descending colon Into the rectum Then anus

Liver makes bile salts which are stored in the gallbladder Acts as detergents in the small intestine